Voyeurism and Sigmund Freud
Voyeurism is the notion of looking, watching something possibly without the person being watched knowing, yet it can also have sexual references. A voyeur is simply the name for an onlooker, for instance watching a film, the audience is a voyeur.
This is the psychoanalytical theory of Sigmund Freud.
Gaze
How an audience view the way people are represented
Andrew Goodwin
Goodwin identifies 5 key aspects of music videos that the audience should look at for. These are:
-Thought beats - seeing the sound
-Narrative and performance
-The star image
-The relation of visuals to song
-technical aspects of the music video
Laura Mulvey
Filmmakers are predominantly male- presence of women in the film is solely for purposes of display. Females are objectified and passive.
Richard Dyer
Dyer proposes that:
A star is an image not a real person that is constructed (as any other aspect of fiction is) out of a range of materials (eg advertising, magazines etc as well as films [music]).
Stars are commodities produced and consumed on the strength of their meanings.
Goffman
The theory is a portrayal of both women and men, as men are seen as superior and dominating due to their body language and position within the frame. they appear to be reflective of thought and intelligence, whereas women are physically portrayed in a sexual or reclining pose, expressing a blank or inviting look.
Women are also subject to dismemberment of the body, where parts of the body is on show, such as legs, rather than the full body. This is used to sell products which are not relevant to the body, such as mobile phones.
The male voice is used more than women within voice-overs of moving images and commercials, due to the authoritative tone they posses (deep, low tone).
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